My explanation for gender wage inequity is a combination of maternal responsiblities regardless on how dedicated a partner a woman has to support her. In addition, cultural feminism is weaker in the Canada than in Europe, where women are work more likely to be found in male dominated and well paid fields like Engineering. As a note, women in engineering schools tripled after the Ecole Polytechnique shootings, and then almost immediately returned back to previous levels. In Europe, men are often seen as more infeminite while women are more often on executive boards and in political positions.
Unions today has much to do today with lobbying through their political wing, the NDP in English Canada and Parti/Bloc Quebecois in Quebec. Many issues they overwhelmingly campaign claim to be part of broad social democratic platform but really serve their union campaign donors and volunteers at the expense of taxpayers. The best examples I can think of is "affordable housing" and "green collar jobs". "Affordable housing" programs are indirect kickbacks to construction unions which can dominate the labour force in some trades, and given the volitity of the construction industry, can quickly double or even triple their wages in a union with an economic upswing or taxpayer money. Why else do unionized electricans and plummbers with almost no education can make more than most professionals and why else is real estate is so volitle from one Canadian town to another from one upswing to another downswing in the past two decades. Meanwhile, low income people never see the benefits of these programs unless it is used as emergency shelter. Construction unions also can do many "Green" projects, like retrofitting and building hydro dams, with the same effect and I am not against helping the environment, making essential infrastructure or being more energy efficient. What I have problem with is government money funneled into unions made up of high school drop outs making $78 an hour once benefits are included to make a gas guzzling SUV nobody wants to buy but wait, it's a "Green collar job" because it has a slight improvement in fuel economy from the previous model. Hey, Jack, I thought you were a social democrat? Too busy fighting for "working families" with 10 weeks paid vacation and "social justice" increase the wages of people who make more than most people with less education and responsibilities than most people at the expense of everyone else.