Modernity began with René Descartes; post-modernity (or second modernity), with Jean-François Lyotard.
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/.../fr/lyotard.htm
Yes. Language is able to structure our dwelling place outside the animal kingdom because it is not only a series of onomatopoeias.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia
Everything in the relationship between Jesus and his apostle Judas leads us to conclude that Jesus is the ultimate singular universal because he had been a well disposed martyr.
What is important to understand, but hard to explain, is that the best ethics is to never surrender before the law, meaning to never compromise, or give way on, one's desire.
http://books.google.com/books?id=DCjQfHEJP...lt&resnum=4
Forget about the animal kingdom to learn something about sexual normality. A saver place to start is the relationship between Adolf Schicklgruber and Angelika Raubal.
Let alone homosexuality, saying that pedophilia is not normal is very problematic because humans ("hairless apes") are primate fetuses who have become sexually able to reproduce themselves.