You are right - the Canadian people have never ratified a constitution.
Without a Constitution there is no country.
When Trudeau went to GB to repartiate the "consititution", he was after the British North America Act 1867 (BNA Act) also known as the Constitution Act of 1867.
The BNA Act was actually an order or set of general instructions from Queen Victoria to the Governor General on how to govern Canada. The BNA Act itself expressed Queen Victoria's (and no one elses') authority. Funny thing about monarchs, they are the power and tell the government what to do. In 1893 the BNA Act was amended to remove the possibility of any successors assuming Queen Victoria's authority over Canada's Govenor General. Queen Victoria died in 1901 and so did her authority over Canada's Govenor General. BUT, noone did anything about it, like, maybe, draft a Constitution!? Hey, the Americans did it. The Govenor Generals and government of Canada just carried on AS IF they still had authority to govern derived from an ongoing succession of monarchs under the BNA or Constitution Act. NOT SO.
In 1931 Great Britain "decommissioned" Canada, and it was no longer a colony.
There is no continuity of constitutional authority in Canada. A Country needs a constitution to exist. A constitiution defines the country, establishes its government, sets the groundrules as to who has authority to do what. IT is the LAW of the land. Laws can be passed only if there is authority granted to governments to do so by the constitution or in a Monarchy, a monarch. No authority, no law. That is why laws which are "unconstituional" are thrown out.
Yes we have a profound constitutional problem in Canada, which is: no constitution at all.
JMHO
If we don't take care of the problem somone else will.