I don't know if anything comes easily in this world, but I do believe they can be convinced.
No. As mentioned in my first post:
In regards to "love it or leave it" - there isn't any land (besides Antarctica) that isn't claimed by some country. We can no longer simply tell a new generation of humans, "If you don't like it here, go somewhere else" - that excuse is being used by every nation at the same time.
Moreover, if every country in the world became a democracy over night, that would mean any group that doesn't want to live in a democracy would be shut out on a global level. That's not fair, and will lead to strife.
The "love it or leave it" approach is a problem, whether a country is practicing democracy, communism, or anything else. There needs to be room made for alternative ways of life.
In regards to the issue with democracy - we can't simply tell a new generation to vote - we can't expect people to live out their dreams when majority rule bullies minorities into living the way the majority wants. In fact, majority rule forces us to create social groups, discriminate against people outside our group, and empowers the destructive "us vs. them" thinking. It also tends to create political party cycles - every X years, a country will cycle from left, to center, to right, and all the way back. This is a waste of time and energy.
Nothing. As long as these communities can provide food and shelter for themselves, that's all they need as a minimum. The rest is up to them to provide for themselves.
Regarding federal taxes to help pay for shared expenses like the military, if a particular community doesn't want to participate in the national economy, I suppose an arrangement could be made, perhaps on a case-by-case basis. For example, mandatory conscription for those over the age of 18.
Healthcare, welfare, and any other form of social assistance will be provided by each community as they see fit. They will decide where to put them. They can, and hopefully will, build their own hospitals.
The main idea is that we shouldn't be telling them how to live. When a group creates plans to setup a new community, they should discuss these things and convince those interested how their needs will be met.